Identification
A government-issued photo ID and your Social Security number. Permanent residents will also need a green card; non-resident borrowers need additional documentation that varies by program.
Income
For W-2 borrowers: most recent two pay stubs, last two years of W-2s, and often last two years of federal tax returns. For self-employed borrowers: two years of personal and business federal tax returns, year-to-date profit and loss, and sometimes balance sheets. For retirees: award letters, 1099-R forms, and proof of receipt.
Assets
Two months of statements for any account being used for down payment, closing costs, or reserves. Include retirement accounts if you'll show reserves. Large deposits outside payroll should be sourced; gift funds need a signed gift letter and proof of receipt.
Debts and credit
Names and balances of existing mortgages, student loans, auto loans, child support or alimony obligations, and any liens or judgments. Lenders pull your credit, but flagging anything unusual ahead of time avoids surprises.
Property documentation
Fully executed purchase contract, homeowners insurance quote, HOA contact and dues if applicable, and (for refinances) your most recent mortgage statement and property tax bill.